What is Software Testing?

Software Testing is the process of testing a software application to verify that it behaves as desired, complies with requirements, and has no defects (bugs).
In short — it's ensuring that the software performs the task it should do and not what it should not do.
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Definition
Software Testing is the process of checking and ensuring that a software product or application:
Meets business and technical needs.
Is defect-free or error-free.
Functions as expected in all anticipated conditions.

Key Goals
Catch Defects — Find bugs or defects prior to release.
Ensure Quality — Guarantee that the software is working reliably and effectively.
Validate Requirements — Ensure the software satisfies user and business requirements.
Prevent Failure — Prevent expensive failure at production levels.

Software Testing Types
1. Manual Testing
Testing is done manually by humans without any automation tool.
Examples:
Exploratory Testing
Usability Testing
Ad-hoc Testing
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2. Automation Testing
Testing is done using software tools or scripts to accelerate and automate tests.
Examples:
Selenium
JUnit
TestNG
Cypress
Levels of Testing
Unit Testing → Tests individual elements or functions.
Integration Testing → Tests between elements.
System Testing → Tests the entire integrated system.
Acceptance Testing → Verifies that the software fulfills user requirements (UAT).
Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
Common stages are:
Requirement Analysis
Test Planning
Test Case Design
Test Environment Setup
Test Execution
Defect Reporting & Tracking
Test Closure

✅ Advantages of Software Testing
Enhances product quality
Guarantees customer satisfaction
Saves cost and time (through early detection of defects)
Enhances reliability and performance
Would you like me to describe the types of software testing (such as functional, non-functional, regression, etc.) later?
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What is a bug?

A bug in software testing is a mistake, flaw, or fault in a software program that results in it generating erroneous or unexpected output or behaving in unexpected manners. Bugs may arise because of coding errors on the part of the developers, design errors, wrong logic, or system integration issues. Bug detection and correction is an important aspect of the software testing process to make the product meet the desired quality level. Bugs may vary from small problems such as UI misalignment to severe errors that cause system crashes or reveal security flaws. Early bug detection through intense testing improves software reliability, functionality, and user satisfaction, minimizing the risk of failure in actual use.
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